About the state rooms, almost all inside cabins on a ship will be fairly identical to each other, unless indicated that they have only upper and lower bunks. Also some cabins have the ability to hold up to four people, while others do not. For all cabin levels you have to look closely at the symbols on the deck plans to determine which do or do not.
Likewise all outsides will be much like others. The differences will be whether you have windows or portholes. And whether you have a full or obsructed views. On some ships an outside cabin might be labled "deluxe or superior" to indicate a larger size. There are web sites that will tell you the square footage of the different catagories. Perhaps someone else can direct you to one. I don't remember where that is offhand.
Verandah cabins have more differences only in that their verandahs can be of different sizes.
This is JMHO: I firmly believe there's no point in booking an inside cabin anywhere but on the lowest level. The view from the inside of an inside cabin is the same, no matter which deck you're on. As for booking an outside, getting a window is worth the extra money, as opposed to just having a porthole. And in all cases the verandah is worth every extra penny. (But then I suppose we've gotten spoiled. We used to book only insides, and had some pretty wonderful cruises then too.)
When choosing amonst those outside cabins you mention, I would pick one of the lower decks, to avoid having any public area above you, as sometimes the noise from above can be heard. Being near a central elevator is a plus for getting around the ship. If the lower level offers the same room, and the same windows, then why pay more to be one or two floor higher. It's not much different riding an elelvator, three floors versus one or two.